Event Monitoring: Transient Fault Recorder
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Accurately Acquire Events in Substations
Application
Switchgears essentially have two different communication tasks, which the IEC 61850 standard handles using the station bus and process bus. While the station bus controls the exchange of status information between devices at field level and the control room, the process bus is intended for real-time communication and for exchanging relevant automation-related events. This also includes information for clarifying errors, and the exchange of measured values.
IEC 61850 Substation Monitoring
Thanks to its IEC 61850 interfaces, the iba system enables status information to be obtained from the IEC 61850 devices via MMS (Manufacturing Messaging Specification) as an active user in the station bus, and enables the real-time communication of events (GOOSE) and measured values (9-2 SV) to be acquired at process bus level.
Benefits at a Glance
- Monitor automated operations and measured values in substations and energy supply stations
- IEC 61850 communication: Acquire real-time events, measurement data, and status changes at process bus or station level
- Station bus with active communication (MMS client & server)
- Process bus: Real-time events (GOOSE) and measured values (GOOSE, Sampled Values (SV))
- Acquire events with the time stamp of the protection device
- Comtrade file transfer (IEC 61850-7-2)
- Support for engineering (e.g., by importing SCD or CID files)
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Station Bus – MMS Communication
MMS communication is a traditional method of client–server communication whereby a device, such as a protection relay, exchanges data with the higherlevel control system. This data may include device variables and parameters as well as measured values and status messages.
With MMS, the IEC 61850 standard offers a separate reporting and data set function which is used with the iba system. ibaPDA registers with an IEC 61850 device (server) for a particular data set as the client and, if the data in the data set changes, receives an update from the IEC 61850 device without the need for further polling. This ultimately boosts performance and minimizes the amount of communication required.
Process Bus – GOOSE Communication
GOOSE communication is used to exchange information between IEC 61850 devices in real time. This communication is based on the publisher–subscriber principle, carried out in real time, and used to transmit safety/security-related and time-critical events. ibaPDA monitors the data exchange in the network as a subscriber and filters out relevant signals together with the time information so that fault events and system responses can be accurately reconstructed.
Process Bus – Sampled Values
Sampled Values are used to transmit digitalized measurement variables within the range 4 kHz to 100 kHz, and provide an alternative to the traditional way of acquiring measured values with conversions of analog signals. ibaPDA acts as an additional subscriber in this network and, when an event occurs, also records fault records on the basis of the Sampled Value data. As a result, the measured values that the protection device acquired during a fault can be documented.
Precisely Follow Events
The iba system acquires the data together with the time stamp of the devices that sent it – this is the only way to follow events precisely. You obtain valuable insights into how the events developed over time and can appropriately evaluate the system response. In doing so, you obtain answers to a variety of questions: Which protection device was the first to respond to the error? Was the system response coordinated well? The transmission duration is irrelevant here as the events are acquired together with the time stamp of the devices that sent them, which ensures accurate results.
The iba system enables you to see the grid operations in the stations and, in conjunction with iba process monitoring, shows their impact on the connected plants. It also works the other way – you can also see what impact the processes are having on the grid operations, such as when switching large loads on or off.
Easily Select Signals Using Address Books
If communication with the IEC 61850 devices is active, ibaPDA reads out all data points and generates internal address books. You can then quickly find your desired signals there and select them for recording.
Even if communication with the IEC 61850 devices is not active, the address books can still be generated from the engineering files (*.scd, *.cid, etc.). This is required during the configuration stage or if it purely concerns process bus sniffing with read-only access to the network – making it a handy function in ibaPDA.
Comtrade File Exports
Protection devices have their own recorder for recording fault records in Comtrade format. ibaPDA recognizes when a protection device has created a record with its own recorder, e.g., following a fault, and copies this record file to a defined target directory. The copied file can be exported to the iba-DAT format or other data formats later on using ibaDatCoordinator and ibaAnalyzer.
The file names can also be supplemented with information like the device name, time stamp, etc. to ensure the files remain matched up with their respective source device, even when many protection devices are involved.
The advantage of the iba system is that you do not need to analyze lots of individual device records – instead, it looks at the overall system in one record. You obtain one central overview of the event messages pertaining to all protection devices and can analyze errors faster and target your response more accurately.
Used Functions
The following functions of the iba system are used in this application.
- Time Synchronization and Standards Support
- Triggering and Data Storage
- Visualization and Analysis
- Power Quality Monitoring
- Communication and Interfaces
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